Abstract
The composition and prevalence of microorganisms in the middle-to-upper troposphere (8–15 km altitude) and their role in aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions represent important, unresolved questions for biological and atmospheric science. In particular, airborne microorganisms above the oceans remain essentially uncharacterized, as most work to date is restricted to samples taken near the Earth’s surface. Here we report on the microbiome of low- and high-altitude air masses sampled onboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration DC-8 platform during the 2010 Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes campaign in the Caribbean Sea. The samples were collected in cloudy and cloud-free air masses before, during, and after two major tropical hurricanes, Earl and Karl. Quantitative PCR and microscopy revealed that viable bacterial cells represented on average around 20% of the total particles in the 0.25- to 1-μm diameter range and were at least an order of magnitude more abundant than fungal cells, suggesting that bacteria represent an important and underestimated fraction of micrometer-sized atmospheric aerosols. The samples from the two hurricanes were characterized by significantly different bacterial communities, revealing that hurricanes aerosolize a large amount of new cells. Nonetheless, 17 bacterial taxa, including taxa that are known to use C1–C4 carbon compounds present in the atmosphere, were found in all samples, indicating that these organisms possess traits that allow survival in the troposphere. The findings presented here suggest that the microbiome is a dynamic and underappreciated aspect of the upper troposphere with potentially important impacts on the hydrological cycle, clouds, and climate.
Showing posts with label fungus. Show all posts
Showing posts with label fungus. Show all posts
Microbiome of the upper troposphere: Species composition and prevalence, effects of tropical storms, and atmospheric implications.
KNU Fungus Discovered!
Who knows what we might discover next week? or what we overlooked last week?
--Steve fly agaric 23
"Other similar species
Sarah added that the fungus' true identity had been shielded because there were other similar varieties but with different colour patterns. The secret, she said, finally came out when scientists at Cardiff University isolated the fungus' DNA and found it to be unique. --http://www.wildlifeextra.com/go/news/new-forest-fungus.html#cr
"ScienceDaily (Oct. 5, 2009) — Seven new glow-in-the-dark mushroom species have been discovered, increasing the number of known luminescent fungi species from 64 to 71. Reported in the journal Mycologia, the new finds include two new species named after movements in Mozart's Requiem. The discoveries also shed light on the evolution of luminescence, adding to the number of known lineages in the fungi 'family tree' where luminescence has been reported. --http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/10/091005123045.htm
"ScienceDaily (Dec. 22, 2009) — Giant rainforest trees, rare and beautiful orchids, spectacular palms, minute fungi, wild coffees and an ancient aquatic plant are among more than 250 new plant and fungi species discovered and described by botanists from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in this, the botanical organisation's 250th anniversary year. The new species come from a wide-range of fascinating locations including Brazil, Cameroon, East Africa, Madagascar, Borneo and New Guinea. Nearly a third are believed to be in danger of extinction. --http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/12/091222104903.htm
"A new species of rust fungus, Maravalia perae on Pera sp. (Euphorbiaceae), from Brazil is proposed. Spermogonia are type 5 and aeciospores and urediniospores are asymetrically obovoid to ellipsoid, with a concave side and 3(–4) equatorial germ pores. Teliospore walls are 2–5 µm thick at apex around the apical germ pore. This set of characters differentiates M. perae from other species of Maravalia. A revised key to all known Maravalia species, including the newly discribed species, is provided.
Key words: Euphorbiaceae, pathogen, rust fungi, Uredinales --http://www.mycologia.org/cgi/content/abstract/101/2/239
--Steve fly agaric 23
"Other similar species
Sarah added that the fungus' true identity had been shielded because there were other similar varieties but with different colour patterns. The secret, she said, finally came out when scientists at Cardiff University isolated the fungus' DNA and found it to be unique. --http://www.wildlifeextra.com/go/news/new-forest-fungus.html#cr
"ScienceDaily (Oct. 5, 2009) — Seven new glow-in-the-dark mushroom species have been discovered, increasing the number of known luminescent fungi species from 64 to 71. Reported in the journal Mycologia, the new finds include two new species named after movements in Mozart's Requiem. The discoveries also shed light on the evolution of luminescence, adding to the number of known lineages in the fungi 'family tree' where luminescence has been reported. --http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/10/091005123045.htm
"ScienceDaily (Dec. 22, 2009) — Giant rainforest trees, rare and beautiful orchids, spectacular palms, minute fungi, wild coffees and an ancient aquatic plant are among more than 250 new plant and fungi species discovered and described by botanists from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in this, the botanical organisation's 250th anniversary year. The new species come from a wide-range of fascinating locations including Brazil, Cameroon, East Africa, Madagascar, Borneo and New Guinea. Nearly a third are believed to be in danger of extinction. --http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/12/091222104903.htm
"A new species of rust fungus, Maravalia perae on Pera sp. (Euphorbiaceae), from Brazil is proposed. Spermogonia are type 5 and aeciospores and urediniospores are asymetrically obovoid to ellipsoid, with a concave side and 3(–4) equatorial germ pores. Teliospore walls are 2–5 µm thick at apex around the apical germ pore. This set of characters differentiates M. perae from other species of Maravalia. A revised key to all known Maravalia species, including the newly discribed species, is provided.
Key words: Euphorbiaceae, pathogen, rust fungi, Uredinales --http://www.mycologia.org/cgi/content/abstract/101/2/239
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